Emerson Automation Solutions Final Control Australia Pty Limited is a limited by shares Australian proprietary company. Located at VIC 3153 since 2021-01-06 the company is, as the updated on 2021-03-24 ABN database shows, registered. The company has been registered for Goods & Services Tax since 2000-07-01. Known company numbers for Emerson Automation Solutions Final Control Australia Pty Limited are as follows: ACN - 000922690, Australian Business Number - 83000922690. Emerson Automation Solutions Final Control Australia Pty Limited has been the company name since 2017-07-28. Flexible Piping Systems is one of the trading names this company has used, to be exact, the trading names list includes 16 positions that is Flexible Piping Systems since 2012-02-06, Water Dynamics since 2011-07-05, and Davison Drilling & Irrigation since 2001-06-19. Pentair Valves & Controls Manufacturing is an example of a business name Emerson Automation Solutions Final Control Australia Pty Limited used. The complete list includes 164 business names. Pentair Valves & Controls Manufacturing was the company's business name from 2015-03-17 until 2017-10-28. Other business names include Pentair Valves & Controls (from 2012-11-09 to 2015-05-19) and Pentair Flow Control (from 2012-11-02 to 2016-03-19). Their official company name changed on 2012-11-30 to Pentair Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited. The company had used this name up until 2017-07-29. Additionally they had used Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited from 2000-06-01 to 2012-11-30, Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Ltd from 2000-04-19 to 2000-06-01. This Australian proprietary company was previously located in VIC 3153 (from 2018-12-06 to 2021-01-06), NSW 2150 (from 2014-09-19 to 2018-12-06), NSW 2150 (from 2013-03-08 to 2014-09-19). AUBiz found 31 trademarks that reference the abovementioned company. 1990-08-07 is the date the documents needed to start the registration process of trademark no 539624 were submitted. This trademark is categorised as "word" and its application status is "registered, live". Other company trademarks include trademark number 539625, application status "registered, live", registered on 1990-08-07 in the "word" category;trademark number 542741, application status: "registered, live" registered on 1990-09-26 in the "word" category.
Status | From | To |
---|---|---|
Active | 2000-04-19 | current |
Name | From | To |
---|---|---|
Emerson Automation Solutions Final Control Australia Pty Limited | 2017-07-29 | current |
Pentair Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited | 2012-11-30 | 2017-07-29 |
Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited | 2000-06-01 | 2012-11-30 |
Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Ltd | 2000-04-19 | 2000-06-01 |
Name | From | To |
---|---|---|
Pentair Valves & Controls Manufacturing | 2015-03-17 | 2017-10-28 |
Pentair Valves & Controls | 2012-11-09 | 2015-05-19 |
Pentair Flow Control | 2012-11-02 | 2016-03-19 |
Pentair Southern Cross | 2012-11-02 | 2017-07-17 |
Pentair Flow Maintenance | 2012-11-01 | 2016-03-11 |
Pentair Southern Cross | 2012-11-01 | 2017-07-17 |
Pentair Flow Control | 2012-11-01 | current |
Water Dynamics | 2011-09-27 | 2014-04-23 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2011-08-10 | 2021-02-17 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2011-05-01 | 2021-02-17 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2011-04-25 | 2021-02-17 |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2011-01-25 | 2021-02-03 |
Water Dynamics | 2010-10-15 | 2014-04-22 |
Tyco Engineered Tanks | 2009-10-14 | current |
Submersible Electric Motors Australasia | 2009-09-25 | 2015-06-16 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2009-09-02 | 2015-06-06 |
Water Dynamics | 2008-07-08 | 2011-07-09 |
Tyco Hydraulic Motion & Control | 2008-04-17 | 2021-01-20 |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2008-01-15 | 2021-01-20 |
Mackay Pumping And Irrigation | 2007-08-03 | 2021-01-13 |
Ardmona Irrigation Supplies | 2007-03-02 | 2010-03-02 |
Red Cliffs Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2007-03-02 | 2010-03-02 |
Rainman Control Systems | 2006-11-02 | 2010-03-04 |
Tyco Flow Control | 2006-05-12 | 2021-01-13 |
Tyco Flow Control | 2006-04-27 | 2021-01-13 |
Tyco Flow Control | 2006-04-24 | 2021-01-13 |
Hydraulics Online | 2005-11-11 | 2008-12-22 |
Enzed Pilbara | 2005-09-13 | 2011-12-12 |
John Honey Hydraulics | 2005-09-13 | 2010-02-22 |
Hydraulic Solutions | 2005-09-13 | 2007-08-20 |
Tyco Motion & Control | 2005-09-13 | 2008-11-17 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-08-22 | 2008-12-22 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-08-09 | 2009-03-20 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-08-03 | 2009-04-24 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-08-02 | 2008-11-05 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-08-01 | 2008-08-01 |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2005-07-01 | 2008-10-04 |
Utex Packings & Seals | 2005-04-01 | 2008-11-16 |
Martin Valves | 2005-03-07 | 2008-03-07 |
Longford Water Dynamics | 2004-10-14 | 2011-01-27 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-09-07 | 2014-04-22 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-09-01 | 2014-04-22 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-08-13 | 2007-10-14 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-07-19 | 2014-04-22 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-07-09 | 2007-08-04 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-07-08 | 2007-11-28 |
Water Dynamics | 2004-07-07 | 2007-11-07 |
Grinnell Flow Control | 2003-12-10 | 2006-12-10 |
Grinnell Flow Control | 2003-12-08 | 2007-01-15 |
Grinnell Flow Control | 2003-12-02 | 2007-04-28 |
Southern Cross Pumping & Irrigation | 2003-11-11 | 2010-03-28 |
Red Cliffs Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2003-07-08 | 2006-07-08 |
Swan Hill Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2003-07-08 | 2009-07-08 |
Merbein Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2003-07-08 | 2006-07-08 |
Robinvale Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2003-07-04 | 2009-07-14 |
Tyco Flow Control Building Products | 2003-05-23 | 2009-05-23 |
Tyco Flow Control Building Products | 2003-05-20 | 2003-05-20 |
Tyco Flow Control Building Products | 2003-05-14 | 2006-06-01 |
Sunraysia Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2003-05-05 | 2009-05-05 |
Hard-facing Alloys | 2003-03-19 | 2009-08-28 |
Pierce Australia | 2002-11-01 | 2008-12-30 |
Quiprite | 2002-11-01 | 2008-12-30 |
Southern Cross Pumps | 2002-10-22 | 2012-02-01 |
Southern Cross Irrigation | 2002-10-22 | 2009-02-03 |
Keystone Flow Control | 2002-10-18 | 2005-12-19 |
Tyco Motion & Control | 2002-09-25 | 2008-11-17 |
Tyco Irrigation | 2002-09-02 | 2005-11-03 |
Micro Control Engineering | 2002-07-18 | 2011-08-22 |
Abdip | 2002-07-16 | 2008-07-16 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2002-05-16 | 2020-12-16 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2002-05-08 | 2008-05-08 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2002-04-30 | 2011-06-06 |
Tyco Flow Control, Pumping & Irrigation | 2002-04-30 | 2008-06-09 |
Tyco Flow Control, Pumping & Irrigation | 2002-04-18 | 2005-04-18 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2002-04-18 | 2020-12-16 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2002-04-17 | 2020-12-16 |
Promet Marine Valves | 2002-04-16 | 2008-05-26 |
Valser | 2002-04-16 | 2008-05-26 |
Tyco Flow Control,pumping & Irrigation | 2002-03-28 | 2008-06-27 |
Longford Irrigation | 2002-03-28 | 2009-03-17 |
Tyco Flow Control, Pumping & Irrigation | 2002-03-28 | 2008-08-28 |
Flexible Piping Systems | 2002-03-28 | 2011-06-25 |
Wellmaster Hose (australia) | 2002-02-06 | 2011-03-14 |
Quinti & Co | 2002-02-05 | 2010-07-26 |
Tyco Irrigation | 2002-01-01 | 2010-05-07 |
Darwin Irrigation Supplies | 2002-01-01 | 2010-06-07 |
Southern Cross Muswellbrook | 2001-10-03 | 2009-03-09 |
Southern Cross Tamworth | 2001-10-03 | 2006-11-01 |
Darwin Irrigation Supplies | 2001-10-01 | 2006-05-28 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2001-09-07 | 2021-03-24 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2001-09-06 | 2021-03-24 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2001-08-28 | 2015-06-18 |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2001-08-27 | 2007-12-05 |
Valvtec | 2001-08-13 | 2009-12-28 |
Promet Marine Valves | 2001-08-07 | 2007-08-07 |
Promet Marine Valves | 2001-07-26 | 2008-07-17 |
Western Irrigation Queensland | 2001-07-20 | 2009-11-20 |
Hoxton Pump Company | 2001-06-08 | 2011-03-08 |
Turbomaster Pumps | 2001-06-06 | 2010-07-12 |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2001-06-02 | 2010-06-02 |
Tyco Flow Control Infrastructure Systems | 2001-05-28 | 2007-07-04 |
Tyco Flow Control Infrastructure Systems | 2001-05-21 | 2006-09-28 |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2001-05-15 | 2010-06-21 |
Promet Valves | 2001-04-23 | 2005-04-21 |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2001-04-20 | 2010-07-18 |
Tyco Flow Maitenance | 2001-04-20 | 2008-06-16 |
Western Irrigation & Pumping Supplies | 2001-04-10 | 2011-06-06 |
Western Irrigation & Pumping Supplies - Lachlan | 2001-04-10 | 2008-08-21 |
Mac Irrigation | 2001-04-10 | 2008-06-18 |
Skyrane Irrigation | 2001-04-10 | 2008-06-18 |
Thortex | 2001-04-01 | 2007-12-13 |
Meyers Engineering Services | 2001-03-30 | 2016-01-30 |
Australian Irrigation Supplies | 2000-12-01 | 2008-04-30 |
Ardmona Irrigation Supplies | 2000-12-01 | 2006-11-08 |
Encon Modular Tanks | 2000-10-25 | 2012-02-24 |
Tamar Designs | 2000-09-28 | 2016-03-14 |
Rayn Irrigation Services | 2000-07-01 | 2007-11-12 |
Keystone Tyco Flow Control-water Product Division | 2000-04-19 | 2009-05-25 |
Brown's Valves | 2000-04-19 | 2001-09-10 |
Valveflo Engineering | 2000-04-19 | 2001-11-27 |
Lawrences Water Systems | 2000-04-19 | 2011-02-24 |
Richards Valves & Controls | 2000-04-19 | 2000-10-30 |
B.c Richards & Co | 2000-04-19 | 2009-08-03 |
Goliath Engineering | 2000-04-19 | 2007-08-23 |
Tyco Valvtec | 2000-04-19 | 2001-08-28 |
Yarway | 2000-04-19 | 2009-08-26 |
Keystone Valve | 2000-04-19 | 2009-07-21 |
Anderson Greenwood | 2000-04-19 | 2006-09-06 |
Waval Valves | 2000-04-19 | 2006-07-04 |
Terry Fluid Controls | 2000-04-19 | 2001-07-03 |
Everflow Pumps | 2000-04-19 | 2009-03-16 |
Lawrence Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | 2003-09-25 |
Red Cliffs Irrigation Services | 2000-04-19 | 2005-09-20 |
Complete Water Systems | 2000-04-19 | 2008-03-05 |
Southern Cross International | 2000-04-19 | 2003-07-09 |
Combined Instrument Systems | 2000-04-19 | 2004-11-30 |
Southern Cross Tamworth | 2000-04-19 | 2006-11-01 |
Southern Cross Pumps & Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | 2009-04-09 |
Obevalves | 2000-04-19 | 2001-12-03 |
John Honey Hydraulics | 2000-04-19 | 2010-02-22 |
Hoxton Pump Company | 2000-04-19 | 2011-03-08 |
Valcast | 2000-04-19 | 2002-05-08 |
Tyco Flow Control | 2000-04-19 | 2021-01-13 |
Express Irrigation Services | 2000-04-19 | 2002-05-23 |
Rainman Control Systems | 2000-04-19 | 2006-09-18 |
Eastern Instrument Services | 2000-04-19 | 2014-10-31 |
Tyco Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | 2002-12-13 |
Micro Control Engineering | 2000-04-19 | 2002-04-09 |
Sensor Supplies | 2000-04-19 | 2003-11-20 |
Southern Cross Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | 2002-04-18 |
Southern Cross Pumps | 2000-04-19 | 2002-04-18 |
Tyco Water | 2000-04-19 | 2007-08-16 |
Hard-facing Alloys | 2000-04-19 | 2001-03-02 |
Valser | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-25 |
Elliotts Irrigation Services | 2000-04-19 | 2009-12-12 |
Procast Alloys | 2000-04-19 | 2007-03-24 |
Tyflow Services | 2000-04-19 | 2006-12-11 |
Keystone Flow Control | 2000-04-19 | 2009-07-21 |
Valtrak | 2000-04-19 | 2007-01-03 |
Grinnell Flow Control | 2000-04-19 | 2009-05-17 |
Promet Valves | 2000-04-19 | 2001-03-21 |
Martin Valves | 2000-04-19 | 2004-11-24 |
Martin Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | 2004-11-24 |
Cropwell | 2000-04-19 | 2004-11-24 |
Name | From | To |
---|---|---|
Flexible Piping Systems | 2012-02-06 | current |
Water Dynamics | 2011-07-05 | current |
Davison Drilling & Irrigation | 2001-06-19 | current |
Tyco Flow Control | 2000-07-22 | 2001-06-19 |
Southern Cross Pumps And Irrigation | 2000-06-17 | current |
Everflow Pumps | 2000-06-17 | current |
Tyco Flow Control | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Flow Maintenance | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Pipeline Equipment | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Valves And Controls | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Energy Products | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Irrigation | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Micro Control Systems | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Process Measurement | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Pumping Systems | 2000-04-19 | current |
Tyco Sales And Service | 2000-04-19 | current |
Location | From | To |
---|---|---|
VIC 3153 | 2021-01-06 | current |
VIC 3153 | 2018-12-06 | 2021-01-06 |
NSW 2150 | 2014-09-19 | 2018-12-06 |
NSW 2150 | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-19 |
NSW 2541 | 2007-10-31 | 2013-03-08 |
NSW 2540 | 2000-04-19 | 2007-10-31 |
Status | From | To |
---|---|---|
Registered | 2000-07-01 | current |
Advertisements
Application date: | 1990-08-07 |
Lodgement date: | 1990-08-07 |
Registered date: | 1990-08-07 |
Live or dead: | Live |
CPI status: | Registered |
Status: | Registered/Protected |
Mark code: | Trade Mark |
Trademark type: | Word |
Acceptance due date: | 1992-06-22 |
Sealing due date: | 1992-10-29 |
Registered from date: | 1990-08-07 |
Sealing date: | 1992-10-29 |
Renewal due date: | 2017-08-07 |
Court orders: | No |
Act1955 code: | Registered |
Revocation of the acceptance: | No |
Goods and services assistance: | No |
Lodgement type: | National |
Descriptive: | Southern Cross |
Examination report number: | 1 |
Examination class count: | 1 |
NICE class code: | 6 |
NICE occ number: | 1 |
NICE description text: | Unwrought And Partly Wrought Common Metals And Their Alloys; Metal Building Materials; Pulleys Including Pulleys As Part Of Machines; Rails And Other Metallic Materials For Railway Tracks; Metallic Pipes And Tubes; Other Goods Of Common Metal Not Included In Other Classes; All Other Goods Included In This Class |
Suburb name: | Parramatta |
Postcode: | 2150 |
Australian state code: | NSW |
Country code: | AU |
Attorney code: | 385385 |
Agency code: | MV |
Transaction type: | Address for service of the trademark |
Suburb name: | Melbourne |
Postcode: | 3000 |
Australian state codee: | VIC |
Attorney type: | Solicitor |
Country code: | AU |
Application date: | 1990-08-07 |
Lodgement date: | 1990-08-07 |
Registered date: | 1990-08-07 |
Live or dead: | Live |
CPI status: | Registered |
Status: | Registered/Protected |
Mark code: | Trade Mark |
Trademark type: | Word |
Acceptance due date: | 1992-02-07 |
Sealing due date: | 1992-07-01 |
Registered from date: | 1990-08-07 |
Sealing date: | 1992-07-01 |
Renewal due date: | 2017-08-07 |
Court orders: | No |
Act1955 code: | Registered |
Revocation of the acceptance: | No |
Goods and services assistance: | No |
Lodgement type: | National |
Descriptive: | Southern Cross |
Examination report number: | 2 |
Examination class count: | 1 |
NICE class code: | 11 |
NICE occ number: | 1 |
NICE description text: | Apparatus For Water Supply And Watering Installations; Tap Nozzles; Sprinklers; All Other Goods Included In This Class |
Suburb name: | Parramatta |
Postcode: | 2150 |
Australian state code: | NSW |
Country code: | AU |
Attorney code: | 385385 |
Agency code: | MV |
Transaction type: | Address for service of the trademark |
Suburb name: | Melbourne |
Postcode: | 3000 |
Australian state codee: | VIC |
Attorney type: | Solicitor |
Country code: | AU |
Application date: | 1990-09-26 |
Lodgement date: | 1990-09-26 |
Registered date: | 1990-09-26 |
Live or dead: | Live |
CPI status: | Registered |
Status: | Registered/Protected |
Mark code: | Trade Mark |
Trademark type: | Word |
Acceptance due date: | 1992-06-15 |
Sealing due date: | 1992-10-20 |
Registered from date: | 1990-09-26 |
Sealing date: | 1992-10-20 |
Renewal due date: | 2017-09-26 |
Court orders: | No |
Act1955 code: | Registered |
Revocation of the acceptance: | No |
Goods and services assistance: | No |
Lodgement type: | National |
Descriptive: | Southern Cross |
Examination report number: | 2 |
Examination class count: | 1 |
NICE class code: | 21 |
NICE occ number: | 1 |
NICE description text: | Food And Water Troughs For Birds And Animals; Sprinklers, Including Sprinklers For Watering Flowers And Plants. |
Suburb name: | Parramatta |
Postcode: | 2150 |
Australian state code: | NSW |
Country code: | AU |
Attorney code: | 385385 |
Agency code: | MV |
Transaction type: | Address for service of the trademark |
Suburb name: | Melbourne |
Postcode: | 3000 |
Australian state codee: | VIC |
Attorney type: | Solicitor |
Country code: | AU |
General information:
Patent status: |
Sealed What happens 3 months after acceptance, assuming there are no oppositions filed. The Status 'sealed' was replaced with 'granted' with IP reform implementation, but from a systems perspective the two statuses are identical. |
Patent type: | STANDARD |
International Patent Classification:
IPC Mark: | F16K 29/00 |
Section code: | F - mechanical engineeringlighting; heating; weapons; blasting |
Class code: | 16 - engineering elements or units; general measures for producing and maintaining effective functioning of machines or installations; thermal insulation in general |
Subclass code: | K - valves; taps; cocks; actuating-floats; devices for venting or aerating |
Main group code: | 29 - arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening or closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking |
IP Australia process information:
Expiry date: | 2026-02-09 |
International Patent Classification:
IPC Mark: | F16N 23/00 |
Section code: | F - mechanical engineeringlighting; heating; weapons; blasting |
Class code: | 16 - engineering elements or units; general measures for producing and maintaining effective functioning of machines or installations; thermal insulation in general |
Subclass code: | N - lubricating |
Main group code: | 23 - special adaptations of check valves |
IP Australia process information:
Expiry date: | 2017-06-10 |
International Patent Classification:
IPC Mark: | F16K 24/04 |
Section code: | F - mechanical engineeringlighting; heating; weapons; blasting |
Class code: | 16 - engineering elements or units; general measures for producing and maintaining effective functioning of machines or installations; thermal insulation in general |
Subclass code: | K - valves; taps; cocks; actuating-floats; devices for venting or aerating |
Main group code: | 24 - devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures (equalising valves f16k0017000000; arrangement or mounting in pipes or pipe systems f16l0055070000; venting or aerating as an additional function of steam traps or like apparatus f16t; ventilation of rooms, vehicles, see the appropriate subclass, e.g. f24f) |
Subgroup code: | 4 - for venting only (f16k0024020000 takes precedence);; |
IP Australia process information:
Expiry date: | 2014-06-23 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014-12-19 | Marine craft systems and subassemblies | Defence Materiel Organisation |
56 656.60 | |
2014-11-25 | Military watercraft | Defence Materiel Organisation | 18 400.80 | |
2014-09-04 | Electrical wire and cable and harness | Department of the Environment - Australian Antarctic Division | 20 926.50 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2013-05-29 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation |
20 411.60 | |
2013-05-28 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation | 20 411.60 | |
2013-05-28 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation | 20 411.60 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2012-09-11 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation |
17 529.60 | |
2012-05-30 | Marine craft systems and subassemblies | Defence Materiel Organisation | 14 753.20 | |
2012-05-16 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation | 17 864.00 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011-11-15 | Marine craft systems and subassemblies | Defence Materiel Organisation |
14 753.20 | |
2011-10-13 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation | 12 051.60 | |
2011-09-05 | Plastic and chemical industries | Department of the Environment - Australian Antarctic Division | 17 603.44 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2010-10-21 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation |
23 339.32 | |
2010-08-09 | Marine craft systems and subassemblies | Defence Materiel Organisation | 13 846.80 | |
2010-07-06 | Fluid and gas distribution | Defence Materiel Organisation | 12 836.63 |
Date | Description | Agency | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009-11-04 | Manufacturing Components and Supplies | Department of Defence |
12 803.87 | |
2009-03-03 | Marine craft systems and subassemblies | Department of Defence | 16 397.70 |
Contains public sector information licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. Material on this website was obtained from publicly-accessible databases and is attributed to ©Commonwealth of Australia 2024 (http://data.gov.au, http://acnc.gov.au/ and http://abr.business.gov.au/), ©Intellectual Property Government Open Data 2024, ©ASIC - Company Register. While we try to make the information as precise and up-to-date as possible, we are aware the datasets are not always error-free. Aubiz.net will not take responsibility for any errors in the databases. The material provided should be treated as a starting point of more in-depth research, not as fact.